When using Google Maps from within your Android application you need to obtain an API key in order to be able to retrieve Maps data at run-time. This API key is derived from the fingerprint of the signature key used to sign the application’s APK. Consequently, if the signature key used by your application at a given point in time no longer matches the one used to register the Maps API key, using the MapView will silently fail (the map will just display a gray grid instead of the expected map data). So far, so good.
As it seems, the Android ADT Eclipse plug-in also comes with an undocumented “feature”: If no “Custom debug keystore” is set in the Android Build Preferences, it will apparently use a different key to sign the APK when deploying it to a phone connected via USB than when deploying it to the Emulator. So, all your Maps applications will suddenly start to fail displaying map data once they are deployed on a real device for testing purposes.
To work around this issue, set the “Custom debug keystore” setting (empty by default) to the same value as the “Default debug keystore”.
